Single-disk single-side software can be loaded directly. Multi-disk or multi-side software will require the creation of a special configuration file, saved with the file extension "mai", to be loaded with Mednafen.
Mednafen does not write to the floppy disk image files specified via the MAI configuration file. Modified disk data is automatically saved into and loaded from files in Mednafen's nonvolatile memory/save game directory. The ID/hash used in naming these files is calculated by hashing data generated based on the contents of the disk image files and any firmware files referenced in the MAI configuration file, along with the values of settings that control the hardware configuration.
In addition to loading a naked MAI file, Mednafen supports automatically loading a MAI file from within a ZIP archive. Any referenced files(e.g. floppy disk images and override firmware) must also be in the same ZIP archive. In regards to Mednafen selecting the correct file to open, the ordering of the MAI file in the ZIP archive in relation to other files doesn't matter.
Sample MAI configuration file:
MEDNAFEN_SYSTEM_APPLE2 # Above signature must be the first line. # # File paths specified in this file are relative to the directory containing the MAI file. # # # Specify available RAM, in KiB. Can be one of: 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 64 # Specifying "64" enables emulation of a RAM-based 16K language card. # # Default: 64 # ram 64 # # Select Apple II/II+ firmware. Options are: integer applesoft # Ignored if "firmware.override" is specified. # # Default: applesoft # firmware applesoft # Apple II/II+ firmware, 12KiB, located at $D000-$FFFF # Optional; specify to override the firmware loaded via Mednafen's firmware # loading system. # #firmware.override "apple2.rom" # # Select ROM card firmware. Options are: none integer applesoft # ROM card emulation is disabled if "none" is selected(regardless of the "romcard.override" setting), or if 64K of RAM # is selected by the "ram" setting. # # Default: integer # romcard integer # # (see firmware.override description) # Note: Ignored if "romcard" is set to "none". # #romcard.override "applesoft.rom" # # Select game input device(s). # # none: no game I/O devices # # paddles: two rotary dial paddles # # joystick: 2-axis, 2-button joystick, with selected default resistance # setting(1 through 4). # # gamepad: 2-axis(D-pad), 2-button gamepad, with selected default resistance # setting(1 through 4). # # atari: two Atari digital joyport joysticks # # Examples: # gameio none # gameio paddles # gameio joystick 2 # gameio gamepad 2 # gameio atari # # Default: joystick 2 # gameio joystick 2 # # Specify (maximum) resistance, in Ω, for each of the four selectable # resistance settings for the "joystick" and "gamepad" devices. # # Default: 93551 125615 149425 164980 # gameio.resistance 93551 125615 149425 164980 # # Enable Disk II in Slot 6(with two 5.25" disk drives attached). # # Default: 1 # disk2.enable 1 disk2.drive1.enable 1 disk2.drive2.enable 1 # Select 16-sector Disk II firmware. Options are: 13sec 16sec # Effectively ignored if "disk2.firmware.override" is set. # # Default: 16sec # disk2.firmware 16sec # Optionally, specify to override the firmware loaded via Mednafen's # firmware loading system. # #disk2.firmware.override "disk2_dos33_boot.rom" "disk2_dos33_seq.rom" # # Define available floppy disks (or sides). Disk identifiers(the part # immediately after "disk2.disks." must only contain characters a-z, 0-9, and _) # # Fields are: name filepath write_protect(optional) # If the write_protect field is omitted, then the default write protect setting # for the format is used. For WOZ disk images, write protect is explicitly # specified in the INFO header. For other formats, write protect defaults # to off(0). # disk2.disks.game1 "Disk 1 - Boot" "SomeGame - Disk 1.dsk" 1 disk2.disks.game2 "Disk 2" "SomeGame - Disk 2.dsk" 1 disk2.disks.game3 "Disk 3" "SomeGame - Disk 3.dsk" 1 disk2.disks.save "Save Disk" "SomeGame - Save Disk.dsk" 0 # # Specify which disks are allowed to go into which drive. # # Prefix the disk identifier with a * to start with that disk inserted. # # Don't insert the same disk (identifier) into different # drives at the same time unless you're some sort of spacetime wizard. # disk2.drive1.disks *game1 game2 game3 disk2.drive2.disks *save
If a virtual floppy disk image in memory has been modified(written to) during the course of emulation, the in-memory floppy disk image will be saved into a separate file under Mednafen's nonvolatile memory directory upon exit. On subsequent invocations with the same floppy disk image(or MAI file and its associated floppy disk images), this separate floppy disk image will be transparently loaded at startup and its data used in lieu of the source floppy disk image when creating the virtual floppy disk image in memory.
The following 5.25" Apple II floppy disk image formats are supported:
| Extension: | Size(Bytes): | Description: |
|---|---|---|
| d13 | 116480 | Apple DOS 13 sectors/track |
| dsk do | 143360 | Apple DOS-order 16 sectors/track |
| po | 143360 | Apple ProDOS-order 16 sectors/track |
| woz | (variable) | https://applesaucefdc.com/woz/ |
Place the correct firmware image files in the correct location.
If you want to use custom or modified firmware, create and load a MAI configuration file.
If you make a linear dump of your Disk II P6 sequencer ROM(s) through the P5 socket via a program running on an Apple II, remember to process the resulting data to swap: A7 and A5, D4 and D7, D5 and D6.
In contrast, the required Disk II P5 boot ROM format has its data arranged how it appears to the 6502(i.e. as if it's just linearly dumped with a simple program running on an Apple II).
| Filename: | Purpose: | SHA-256 Hash: |
|---|---|---|
| apple2-int-auto.rom | Apple II Integer BASIC and Autostart System ROMs, concatenated(8KiB).
Consists of 2KiB ROMs(in order, with SHA-256 hashes):
341-0001
341-0002
341-0003
341-0020 | cb52b212a62f808c2f59600b2823491ee12bd91cab8e0260fe34b5f14c47552f
(TODO: verify) |
| apple2-asoft-auto.rom | Apple II+ AppleSoft BASIC and Autostart System ROMs, concatenated(12KiB).
Consists of 2KiB ROMs(in order, with SHA-256 hashes):
341-0011
341-0012
341-0013
341-0014
341-0015
341-0020 | fc3e9d41e9428534a883df5aa10eb55b73ea53d2fcbb3ee4f39bed1b07a82905 |
| disk2-13boot.rom | Disk II Interface 13-Sector P5 Boot ROM, 341-0009 | 2d2599521fc5763d4e8c308c2ee7c5c4d5c93785b8fb9a4f7d0381dfd5eb60b6 (TODO: verify) |
| disk2-13seq.rom | Disk II Interface 13-Sector P6 Sequencer ROM, 341-0010 | 4234aed053c622b266014c4e06ab1ce9e0e085d94a28512aa4030462be0a3cb9 |
| disk2-16boot.rom | Disk II Interface 16-Sector P5 Boot ROM, 341-0027 | de1e3e035878bab43d0af8fe38f5839c527e9548647036598ee6fe7ec74d2a7d |
| disk2-16seq.rom | Disk II Interface 16-Sector P6 Sequencer ROM, 341-0028 | e5e30615040567c1e7a2d21599681f8dac820edbdcda177b816a64d74b3a12f2 |
| Game: | Preferred Resistance Setting(1, 2, 3, or 4): |
|---|---|
| Boulder Dash | 3 |
| Bouncing Kamungas | 2 |
| Mario Bros | 2 |
| Ms. Pac-Man | 2 |
| Pac-Man | 2 |
| Stargate | 1 |
| Thexder | 2 |
| Wavy Navy | 2 |
| Xevious | 2 |
| Zaxxon | 1 |
| Key(s): | Virtual Apple II/II+ Key: |
|---|---|
| A ↑ Keypad 8 | A |
| Z ↓ Keypad 2 | Z |
| B through Y | B through Y |
| 0 through 9 | 0 through 9 |
| - | : |
| = | - |
| Insert | RESET |
| Tab ESC | ESC |
| [ ALT | REPT |
| \ Enter Home | RETURN |
| Caps Lock CTRL | CTRL |
| ; Keypad 4 | ; |
| Backspace ⭠ Keypad 5 Delete | ⭠ |
| ⭢ Keypad 6 Page Down | ⭢ |
| SHIFT | SHIFT |
| , | , |
| . | . |
| / End | / |
Caution: Any settings that change emulation behavior as seen from the emulated game are shown with the setting name bolded in the table. One should be conscious of these settings if one has changed them from the default values when using network play or movies, as they can cause desychronizations if not set the same among hosts(or between the recording emulator and the playing emulator).
| Setting: | Value Type: | Possible Values: | Default Value: | Description: |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| apple2.input.port1 | enum | none paddle joystick gamepad atari | joystick | Input device for Virtual Gameport 1
|
| apple2.input.port1.joystick.axis_scale | real | 1.00 through 1.50 | 1.00 | Analog axis scale coefficient for Joystick on Virtual Gameport 1. |
| apple2.input.port2 | enum | paddle atari | paddle | Input device for Virtual Gameport 2
|
| apple2.video.brightness | real | -1.0 through 1.0 | 0.0 | Video brightness. |
| apple2.video.color_lumafilter | integer | -3 through 3 | -3 | Color video luma filter. Filters numbered closer to 0 have a stronger lowpass effect. Negative-numbered filters have ringing. |
| apple2.video.color_smooth | boolean | 0 1 | 0 | Enable color video smoothing. Reduces vertical stripes without making video blurrier, at the cost of some pixel irregularities. May make small text illegible in graphics mode. |
| apple2.video.contrast | real | -1.0 through 1.0 | 0.0 | Video contrast. |
| apple2.video.force_mono | integer | 0x000000 through 0xFFFFFF | 0x000000 | Force monochrome graphics color. Force monochrome graphics if non-zero, with the specified color. |
| apple2.video.hue | real | -1.0 through 1.0 | 0.0 | Color video hue/tint. |
| apple2.video.matrix | enum | custom mednafen la7620 cxa2025as_usa cxa2060bs_usa cxa2095s_usa cxa2025as_japan cxa2060bs_japan cxa2095s_japan | mednafen | Color decoder matrix. The matrixes that correspond to the nominal demodulation angles and gains for various ICs are intended to get colors within the ballpark of what consumer-oriented NTSC TVs would display, and won't exactly replicate the colors these ICs would reproduce when fed an Apple II video signal.
|
| apple2.video.matrix.blue.i | real | -4.00 through 4.00 | -1.11 | Custom color decoder matrix; blue, I. Only used if "apple2.video.matrix" is set to "custom". |
| apple2.video.matrix.blue.q | real | -4.00 through 4.00 | 1.70 | Custom color decoder matrix; blue, Q. Only used if "apple2.video.matrix" is set to "custom". |
| apple2.video.matrix.green.i | real | -4.00 through 4.00 | -0.28 | Custom color decoder matrix; green, I. Only used if "apple2.video.matrix" is set to "custom". |
| apple2.video.matrix.green.q | real | -4.00 through 4.00 | -0.64 | Custom color decoder matrix; green, Q. Only used if "apple2.video.matrix" is set to "custom". |
| apple2.video.matrix.red.i | real | -4.00 through 4.00 | 0.96 | Custom color decoder matrix; red, I. Only used if "apple2.video.matrix" is set to "custom". |
| apple2.video.matrix.red.q | real | -4.00 through 4.00 | 0.62 | Custom color decoder matrix; red, Q. Only used if "apple2.video.matrix" is set to "custom". |
| apple2.video.mixed_text_mono | boolean | 0 1 | 0 | Enable hack to treat mixed-mode text as monochrome. |
| apple2.video.mono_lumafilter | integer | -3 through 7 | 5 | Monochrome video luma filter. Filters numbered closer to 0 have a stronger lowpass effect. Negative-numbered filters have ringing. |
| apple2.video.saturation | real | -1.0 through 1.0 | 0.0 | Color video saturation. |
| Setting: | Value Type: | Possible Values: | Default Value: | Description: |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| apple2.enable | boolean | 0 1 | 1 | Enable (automatic) usage of this module. |
| apple2.scanlines | integer | -100 through 100 | 0 | Enable scanlines with specified opacity. Opacity is specified in %; IE a value of "100" will give entirely black scanlines. |
| apple2.shader | enum | none autoip autoipsharper scale2x sabr ipsharper ipxnoty ipynotx ipxnotysharper ipynotxsharper goat | none | Enable specified OpenGL shader. Obviously, this will only work with the OpenGL "video.driver" setting, and only on cards and OpenGL implementations that support shaders, otherwise you will get a black screen, or Mednafen may display an error message when starting up. When a shader is enabled, the "
|
| apple2.shader.goat.fprog | boolean | 0 1 | 0 | Force interlaced video to be treated as progressive. When disabled, the default, the "video.deinterlacer" setting is effectively ignored with respect to what appears on the screen. When enabled, it may be prudent to disable the scanlines effect controlled by the *.goat.slen setting, or else the scanline effect may look objectionable. |
| apple2.shader.goat.hdiv | real | -2.00 through 2.00 | 0.50 | Constant RGB horizontal divergence. |
| apple2.shader.goat.pat | enum | goatron borg slenderman | goatron | Mask pattern.
|
| apple2.shader.goat.slen | boolean | 0 1 | 1 | Enable scanlines effect. |
| apple2.shader.goat.tp | real | 0.00 through 1.00 | 0.50 | Transparency of otherwise-opaque mask areas. |
| apple2.shader.goat.vdiv | real | -2.00 through 2.00 | 0.50 | Constant RGB vertical divergence. |
| apple2.special | enum | none hq2x hq3x hq4x scale2x scale3x scale4x 2xsai super2xsai supereagle nn2x nn3x nn4x nny2x nny3x nny4x | none | Enable specified special video scaler. The destination rectangle is NOT altered by this setting, so if you have xscale and yscale set to "2", and try to use a 3x scaling filter like hq3x, the image is not going to look that great. The nearest-neighbor scalers are intended for use with bilinear interpolation enabled, at high resolutions(such as 1280x1024; nn2x(or nny2x) + bilinear interpolation + fullscreen stretching at this resolution looks quite nice).
|
| apple2.stretch | enum | 0 full aspect aspect_int aspect_mult2 | aspect_mult2 | Stretch to fill screen.
|
| apple2.tblur | boolean | 0 1 | 0 | Enable video temporal blur(50/50 previous/current frame by default). |
| apple2.tblur.accum | boolean | 0 1 | 0 | Accumulate color data rather than discarding it. |
| apple2.tblur.accum.amount | real | 0 through 100 | 50 | Blur amount in accumulation mode, specified in percentage of accumulation buffer to mix with the current frame. |
| apple2.videoip | enum | 0 1 x y | x | Enable (bi)linear interpolation.
|
| apple2.xres | integer | 0 through 65536 | 0 | Full-screen horizontal resolution. A value of "0" will cause the current desktop horizontal resolution to be used. |
| apple2.xscale | real | 0.01 through 256 | 4.000000 | Scaling factor for the X axis in windowed mode. |
| apple2.xscalefs | real | 0.01 through 256 | 1.000000 | Scaling factor for the X axis in fullscreen mode. For this setting to have any effect, the " |
| apple2.yres | integer | 0 through 65536 | 0 | Full-screen vertical resolution. A value of "0" will cause the current desktop vertical resolution to be used. |
| apple2.yscale | real | 0.01 through 256 | 4.000000 | Scaling factor for the Y axis in windowed mode. |
| apple2.yscalefs | real | 0.01 through 256 | 1.000000 | Scaling factor for the Y axis in fullscreen mode. For this setting to have any effect, the " |